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Introduction to the types of gas used in gas-fired internal combustion engines

Introduction to the types of gas used in gas-fired internal combustion engines

Dat: 2023-05-24 Clicks:

When it comes to gas-fired internal combustion engines, most people think that the word "gas" refers to natural gas, but in fact, there are many different types of gas that can be used in internal combustion engines, not just "natural gas".


Natural Gas

Natural gas, as the most common combustible gas, is mainly composed of CH4, with a content of over 85%. Natural gas (methane to be precise) can achieve the best gas conditions for gas-fired internal combustion generating sets, without much consideration of composition or calorific value when selecting the unit.

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The main types are as follows:

1Natural gas: the usual sense of natural gas is piped natural gas delivered through municipal pipelines. The main component is CH4, containing a small amount of C2H6 and higher molecular components. The calorific value is about 8000~8500kcal/Nm³.

2CNG (Compressed Natural Gas), i.e. compressed natural gas, has exactly the same composition as natural gas, the difference lies in the delivery method, CNG is usually delivered by tanker.

3LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) is an advanced version of CNG, which is further pressurised and cooled down until it is liquefied, and its composition is exactly the same as natural gas.

4. Shale gas and combustible ice shale gas, they are the newcomers in the energy class, one hidden in very deep shale formations and the other surrounded by water molecules in the deep sea. As unconventional gas, it has a higher CH4 content than our usual natural gas and is very suitable for internal combustion engines. The difficulty in using both is the current limited extraction technology and the difficulty in transporting them, but if there is a breakthrough in technology and access to the natural gas pipeline network in the future, the potential for application is huge.

5. Wellhead gas, or oilfield associated gas, is the natural gas that is extracted from the oil-bearing substrata while the oil is being extracted. The composition of wellhead gas is complex, usually 50% to 80% CH4, 20% to 40% CH(ethane) and CHCHCH(propane), and about 5% of C4 or more (CH₁₀ (n-butane, isobutane), C H₁₂(pentane) ......), about 10% of inert gases such as N2 and CO2, and also some amount of H2S.

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Biogas

Biogas is produced from organic matter by anaerobic fermentation and can be divided into several types, such as biomethane and landfill gas, depending on the organic material:

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1, biogas (manure, kitchen waste, straw, alcohol plants, slaughterhouses, paper mills, etc.), CH4 content of about 55% ~ 60%, containing a small amount of H2S. In addition, corn silage, rice straw, wheat straw, and even all kinds of leaves, as long as they are organic matter, theoretically can be used as raw materials for biogas.

2, landfill gas, landfill biogas CH4 content of about 55% ~ 60%, containing a certain amount of H2S. a significant part of the disposal of municipal waste is used for landfill treatment, landfill waste due to the isolation of the air, anaerobic bacteria, will produce a large number of biogas.

3, sewage treatment gas, urban sewage network gathered to the sewage treatment plant, in the sedimentation tank to purify the sewage, sludge precipitation down, these sludge for anaerobic fermentation will produce sewage purification biogas.

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Coal Bed Methane

Coal bed methane, as the name implies, is a co-occurring or associated gas found in coal seams and is mainly composed of CH4:

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1. Coal bed methane, the gas that is first pumped and then extracted is usually referred to as coal bed methane. The purity of this gas is very high, generally with CH4 content up to about 95%~99%.

2Highly concentrated gas, usually the coal bed gas with CH4 content of 30%~60% is called highly concentrated gas. The composition of the gas is actually very simple, except for CH4, the other components are air (N2+O2) and very few other impurities.

3Low concentration gas, usually the gas with less than 30% CH4 concentration is called low concentration gas, in fact, the CH4 content is usually around 5%~20%, the rest of the components are air.


Industrial gas

Within this group of gases, CO and H2 occur very frequently.

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1, ferroalloy mine hot stove tail gas, its main components are: CO, CO2, H2, CH4, N2, O2, H2O. 50% to 85% CO content, H2 content 2% to 14%, CH4 content 0 to 6.5%, the combustion of the tail gas low calorific value of about 1680 ~ 2760kcal/Nm3, its specific composition and proportion by the production of raw materials, working conditions change greatly.

2, coke oven gas, one of the three brothers of the steel mill, is the bituminous coal made into coking coal process by-product gas. Coke oven gas has a rough composition of 25%~30% CH4 content, 50%~60% H2 content, 5%~10% CO content, a small amount of CO2, N2, O2 and other gases, with a low calorific value of about 4000~4500kcal/Nm3. coke oven gas has a very low CH4 value due to the high Hcontent, most of the generator sets cannot be used, and the few that can be used have to compromise the power to 60%~70%, Liyu has special models for this kind of gas, which can run stably with very small power loss.

3, blast furnace gas, the steel mill, two of the three brothers, in the blast furnace with coke in the process of making iron by-product gas. The approximate composition of blast furnace gas is: CH4 content close to 0, H2content 1%~3%, CO content 26%~30%, CO2 content 6%~12%, N2 content 55%~60%, a small amount of SO2 and other impurity gases. The low calorific value of blast furnace gas is only 800~1000kcal/Nm3, and the dust content is huge.

4, converter gas, steel mill three brothers of three, is the gas produced by the converter steelmaking process. The general composition of converter gas is 65%~80% CO content, 2%~3% H2 content, the rest is CO2, N2, O2, etc. The low calorific value is about 1500~2000kcal/Nm3.

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Tide Power is a professional power solutions provider with products and services covering more than 80 countries and regions around the world. With a professional technical team and efficient service response mechanism, we can deal with customers' needs in a timely and effective manner and meet their customised requirements.

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